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A Model for Platform Development?
javaprogramming
19:57
0
For many software and firmware products today, creating the
entire architecture and design and all the software modules from
the ground up is no longer feasible, especially from the point of
view of product quality, ease of implementation, and short product
development schedules. Therefore, the trend is to create new
product versions by intentionally reusing the architecture, design,
and code from an established software platform.
HP’s software initiative program has been working in partnership with product development organizations in Hewlett-Packard for almost five years. Its goal is to help take software and firmware development off the critical path of new product introductions and transform HP’s software and firmware development capability into a competitive advantage. Through our work we have observed and participated in the application of many different strategies, all aimed at raising an R&D team’s collective ability to build software and firmware that meets the overall market requirements, including functionality, usability, reliability, performance, supportability, and time-to-market goals. Several patterns have emerged that many HP organizations are successfully using to elevate their software and firmware development capability. One pattern corresponds to a set of operational practices that we call the platform development paradigm. The software initiative program has created a conceptual model for platform development (see Fig. 1) which builds upon HP’s product development experience and integrates many of HP’s best practices in software development. The individual elements of the model are closely tied to the technical and management systems used in the company and have been validated through actual team experiences in developing new products. Since the platform development model is conceptual, it is used as a framework for determining the elements that an organization needs to invest in to attain a competency in platform development. The software initiative program works with product development organizations to identify the areas of the model that are applicable to a given organization’s situation and works with the organization to customize the model accordingly. The resulting instantiation of the model yields processes tuned to the specific needs and requirements of the particular development organization, leading to a new level of development capability. Organizations within HP that have established a competency in platform development have
HP’s software initiative program has been working in partnership with product development organizations in Hewlett-Packard for almost five years. Its goal is to help take software and firmware development off the critical path of new product introductions and transform HP’s software and firmware development capability into a competitive advantage. Through our work we have observed and participated in the application of many different strategies, all aimed at raising an R&D team’s collective ability to build software and firmware that meets the overall market requirements, including functionality, usability, reliability, performance, supportability, and time-to-market goals. Several patterns have emerged that many HP organizations are successfully using to elevate their software and firmware development capability. One pattern corresponds to a set of operational practices that we call the platform development paradigm. The software initiative program has created a conceptual model for platform development (see Fig. 1) which builds upon HP’s product development experience and integrates many of HP’s best practices in software development. The individual elements of the model are closely tied to the technical and management systems used in the company and have been validated through actual team experiences in developing new products. Since the platform development model is conceptual, it is used as a framework for determining the elements that an organization needs to invest in to attain a competency in platform development. The software initiative program works with product development organizations to identify the areas of the model that are applicable to a given organization’s situation and works with the organization to customize the model accordingly. The resulting instantiation of the model yields processes tuned to the specific needs and requirements of the particular development organization, leading to a new level of development capability. Organizations within HP that have established a competency in platform development have
significantly reduced their time to market, improved operational efficiency, and become more responsive to the needs of
their customers. These gains are accompanied by improved business results.
The following are brief descriptions of the elements of the platform development model shown in Fig. 1.
Product Portfolio Planning. This element defines the strategic relationship between the platform and all product
versions to be released over a multiyear period. It identifies the key business drivers and sets the overall goals,
direction, priorities, and parameters of the platform strategy.
Architecture. This group of elements includes:
Architectural definition and partitioning of the major functional and technology subsystems.
Product feature mapping, which identifies appropriate subsystems and component modules used in the implementation
of each feature (i.e., translation of customer needs to product features to specific platform or
product modules)
Test architecture and strategy, which define the overall structure and methods for verification and validation
to ensure necessary quality levels in the final product.
Platform Management. This group of elements includes:
Organizational structure and work partitioning, which defines the organization’s operating model at an abstract
level (e.g., reporting relationships and team organization)
Partnership model and contract, which provides the generic framework for instantiating the operating
model between platform and product teams (e.g., interdependence between teams and expectations for
their working relationships)
Management processes and steering teams, which define how the product portfolio plan is created and how
its execution is managed
Communication and feedback model, which defines the timing and content of the information that flows
between teams.
Development. This group of elements includes:
Platform and product life cycles, which define the major phases, with goals, activities, and deliverables for
both the platform and products
Development model and process, which specify the processes followed for the creation and enhancement of
a module through its integration into the final product
Delivery model, which defines how platform components and subsystems are delivered for use within
products
Validation and test processes, which define the specific quality criteria and test procedures used throughout
the product and platform life cycles
Development tools and infrastructure, which provide a common development environment and processes
for platform and product work (e.g., procedures and tools for creating, storing, finding, building, and testing
components).
Support Model. This element defines the mechanics and logistics of how individuals and teams get help when
using platform components.
Metrics and Measurement Processes. This element defines the means by which progress and results for each of
the other elements are monitored to ensure achievement of business goals.
Values and Reward System. This element integrates and aligns the organization’s values and culture with its performance
evaluation and reward mechanisms to support the other elements of the model and thereby achieve platform,
product, and business goals.
The remainder of this article describes the key elements of the model in greater detail, including the deployment and use of
the elements, anecdotes about their implementation, and finally, HP’s experiences with the model. The use of the word
“software” throughout this article refers to both software and firmware.
abstract reasoning skills help developers
javaprogramming
19:51
0
Despite what some may believe, you can improve your abstract reasoning capabilities in a reasonably short time. It has to do with efficiently learning a large number of typical, logical rules so that when you are faced with an abstract reasoning test question you will be able to quickly scan your brain to identify the relevant rule/s for this series of shapes.
Like any other test you’ve taken in your life, the right preparation can improve your abstract reasoning test result. Although you cannot significantly improve your abstract reasoning skills within a very short time, you can learn and practise abstract reasoning test strategies, get familiar with a large number of logical rules that define series of shapes, and eliminate stress factors to quickly improve your performance.
In addition, the principles behind abstract reasoning questions do not change from year to year. Most of these tests exist for more than 10 or 20 years
. This means that it has become possible for quality practice abstract tests to be produced, and for high-quality abstract reasoning courses to be available online. If you should take enough of these tests, in addition to learning the correct strategies and techniques from the online course, you will be able to prepare for the abstract reasoning test in a quick and effective manner. Read more about how preparation improves psychometric test results.
There are different patterns and logical rules that you will be required to apply throughout the abstract reasoning test, and you’ll need to do this in a timely manner. This is not something you can learn by only reading a book, but it is something you can quickly develop through a combination of practice, concentration and knowledge of test-taking strategies.
If you regard yourself to be someone who can quickly identify the rules behind how data changes or what the common things across different pieces of data are, we recommend that you complete the free abstract reasoning test available on this site. In case you feel that you would benefit from a little training or preparation to get the edge you need in the real test, then we would recommend that you take our practice abstract tests online that suit the organisational level and occupation of the job you applied for. Upon completing each test, you will receive a personalised report with your result, plus the list of questions that you correctly answered and the questions you made mistakes in. You will be able to read the correct answer and an answer explanation for each question. This hands-on preparation will ensure that you improve your ability to tackle abstract reasoning tests.
If you have plenty of time, you can develop your abstract reasoning skills by solving puzzles. But if you don’t have time, and you don’t feel confident about your abstract reasoning skills, we recommend that you begin by taking our online abstract test course on how to pass the abstract reasoning test. The online course includes easy-to-read explanations about the different types of questions appearing in the typical abstract reasoning tests, a step-by-step explanation of how to solve them, and detailed explanations of the typical, logical rules used to define series of shapes in the abstract test. This course also includes sample test questions, exercise questions, and detailed explanations of how to answer them. The next step is for you to complete the large number of online abstract reasoning tests available on this site that suit the job you applied for. This will offer you not only an indication of what your relevant areas of strength and weakness are, but also the real experience of completing abstract reasoning tests online.
What is Software process models?
javaprogramming
19:23
0
a software process model is a simplified representation of a software process. Each process model represents a process from a particular perspective, and thus provides only partial information about that process. For example, a process activity model shows the activities and their sequence but may not show the roles of the people involved in these activities. In this section, I introduce a number of very general process models (sometimes called ‘process paradigms’) and present these from an architectural perspective. That is, we see the framework of the process but not the details of specific activities. These generic models are not definitive descriptions of software processes. Rather, they are abstractions of the process that can be used to explain different approaches to software development. You can think of them as process frameworks that may be extended and adapted to create more specific software engineering processes. The process models that I cover here are:
1. The waterfall model This takes the fundamental process activities of specification, development, validation, and evolution and represents them as separate process phases such as requirements specification, software design, implementation, testing, and so on.
3. Reuse-oriented software engineering This approach is based on the existence of a significant number of reusable components. The system development process focuses on integrating these components into a system rather than developing them from scratch. These models are not mutually exclusive and are often used together, especially for large systems development. For large systems, it makes sense to combine some of the best features of the waterfall and the incremental development models. You need to have information about the essential system requirements to design a software architecture to support these requirements. You cannot develop this incrementally. Sub-systems within a larger system may be developed using different approaches. Parts of the system that are well understood can be specified and developed using a waterfall-based process. Parts of the system which are difficult to specify in advance, such as the user interface, should always be developed using an incremental approach.
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